Understanding Vacuum Pumps & its Types

Vacuum pumps, in simple words, are used to create vacuums. These powerful devices pull the gas & air molecules from sealed containers for creating a vacuum (technically a 'partial vacuum' as it'll be imperfect in comparison to the theoretical ideal - or 'perfect' vacuum). Such vacuums may be needed for engineering or a manufacturing process, or they can be used for moving liquids from one location to another, just like conventional pumps.

Also called suction pumps, vacuum pumps are hardworking devices & it is important to ensure they are properly maintained & replaced when necessary.

Vacuum Pump Types

Vacuum pumps can be classified into two categories- dry (oil-less) & wet (oil-lubricated). This basically refers to whether gas is being exposed to a lubricant during the process of compression. Dry vacuum pumps are beneficial as they reduce the risk of contamination, whereas wet pumps are advantageous due to their effective lubrication & sealing properties.

The main types of vacuum pump include:

Positive Displacement Vacuum Pumps

This model combines an expanding cavity at the intake point with a decreasing cavity at the discharge point. This vacuum technology enables for a steady, moderate flow of suction power. As a result, they're best suited to pumping operations that require a steady speed.

Diaphragm Vacuum Pumps

These pumps rely on a pair of mechanical diaphragms, which move backward & forward to increase & decrease pressure. Liquid backflow is prevented by a valve. Diaphragm vacuum pumps are typically noted for their high level of accuracy & are widely used in industrial environments.

Momentum Transfer Vacuum Pumps

Also called kinetic pumps, momentum transfer pumps feature a rotating component that propels air or gas from its inlet to its outlet. This creates a low-pressure region that is sealed by a powerful valve when it becomes a vacuum. Some models also use high-speed jets of fluid.

Basically, there are two types of momentum transfer pumps - centrifugal & regenerative, where the centrifugal pump uses a centrifuge to propel fluids through the device. Meanwhile, the regenerative pumps (also known as turbine/peripheral pumps) recirculate liquid to increase the pressure achieved. These are high-pressured vacuum pumps ideal for creating powerful vacuums.

Entrapment Vacuum Pumps

Entrapment pumps, or capture pumps or trapping pumps, are the refrigerated devices that induce condensation of air molecules by cooling them within a confined space. The resulting liquid is then removed. Some entrapment pump - called ion pumps - uses electrical fields for inducing condensation. These are ideal for storing gas which is to be released later.

Sponsor Ads

• Ad Space Available - Rent it Now!

Report this Page

Created on Apr 6th 2021 23:47. Viewed 256 times.

Share on APSense

Comments