Wide Cultural control process for pests in rice

Numerous cultural customs could help with pest management, but only if everyone follows them in the community. Community-wide initiatives to lessen the impact of insect pest immigration from nearby places are only successful when implemented over an area of at least 50 hectares. This course covers several community-wide cultural management strategies, including the ones listed below. You can get more information on any practices by clicking the links below or choosing the relevant links from the navigation bar on the right. Stem borer is an essential pest among the many problems affecting rice yield. A prosperous farmer should know how to manage stem borer in rice crop.

Breaking the rice cycle with other crops effectively reduces insect pests, especially those with extended life cycles, restricted dispersal abilities, and limited host range. Removing the pests' food source and reversing their population increase are achieved by rotating rice with a crop other than rice. This technique works well against bugs that prefer rice as a host. Crop rotation is advised to manage armyworms, gall midge, stem borers, white grubs, termites, planthoppers, and seed bugs.

Insects may be crushed, buried, have their nests destroyed, or be exposed to predators and desiccation when the dirt is turned over. Birds that hunt insects typically congregate in the field during tillage to feed on exposed insects.

Puddling is more advantageous during the dry season in arid regions because insects can burrow deeply into the ground. By doing more tillage operations, populations of soil-dwelling pests that affect dry land rice, such as termites, ants, mole crickets, and root bugs, can be suppressed. After harvesting rice, tillage eliminates grasshopper eggs, armyworm pupae, stem borers, black bugs, and root weevils. 

This kind of tillage stops unintended crop growth (ratooning), which can disrupt the life cycle of insects (leafhoppers, gall midges, etc.) and impact insect populations. Agronomically speaking, a favoured technique is to plow down stubble after harvesting because it recycles nutrients and increases soil organic matter. Planting synchronously with stubble removal is necessary for optimal results.

Common rice field weeds, primarily grasses that grow in borderlands and fallow fields or are near rice, might harbor some pest rice insects. To maintain pest populations, weed hosts serve as a link between rice crops or preferred stages of rice crops. Leaffolders, leafhoppers, planthoppers, seed bugs, leaf beetles, black bugs, mealy bugs, armyworms, caseworms, root aphids, root bugs, root weevils, leaf miners, and seedling maggots can all be controlled by controlling weeds.

In the field, effective weed control makes rice more resilient to pest damage. Rats' possible nesting places and hiding places are decreased when weeds are removed from rice fields, the areas around paddies, and other insect hosts. But these substitute homes sustain nuisance insects and their parasitoids and arthropod predators. Predatory crickets are one example. They reside in the green foliage during the day.

Stem borer control is influenced by crop cutting height during harvest. Larvae of the stem borer species 16 descend to the plants' root, where they either pupate or enter larval diapause during a bad season. Species and water levels determine the extent of their descent. Ninety-eight. A percentage of the stem borer populations can survive the following rice crop thanks to panicle harvesting. The stubble is best controlled when trimmed to 15 cm or less. Nevertheless, harvesting at ground level with the straw will eliminate fewer than 15% of the stem borer larvae if they are in diapause.

A ratoon increases the amount of produce available to future generations of pests. The sooner the ratoon emerges, the higher the main crop is trimmed. In the stubble, stem borers live, while leaffolders flourish in the ratoon crop. Tillering favors gall midge and plant hoppers and leafhoppers proliferate on ratoons. Because they are long-lived and can survive between the two crops, rice seed bugs also proliferate on ratoons. 

The presence of rice pests and other related arthropods on rice ratoons additionally aids the development of natural enemy populations. The most dangerous pest issues rabbit crops bring are viral illnesses spread by insects like yellow dwarf and tungro. However, because the vegetative period is so brief, rabbiting is not beneficial for pests of the vegetative stage, such as the whorl maggot, caseworm, green semi-looper, or green hairy caterpillar.

Transplanting seedlings to establish rice is a fantastic example of successfully suppressing weeds and lowering the frequency of seedling pests. Farmers have created these techniques via trial and error and observation. These production methods are passed down from generation to generation; they often involve farm-based technology and little reliance on outside resources. 

The process of altering production methods to reduce the conditions that encourage pest invasion, reproduction, survival, and dissemination is known as cultural control. Its goal is to reduce the population of pests. The primary objectives of most conventional agronomic techniques are to decrease problems and increase crop yield.

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