The essential thoughts behind the religion of Islam are fivefold. These five things are more than simple notions. For the Muslim, they are mandatory. They are helpfully named in what Islam calls the Five Pillars of Islam specifically, The Shihada, Supplication to God (Salat), Zakat, Fasting and finally Islamic pilgrimage.

The Shihada is essentially a proclamation of confidence, or conviction. Salat is the second mainstay of Islam. Supplications to God are made day by day to Allah by Muslims the planet over. The third mainstay of Islam, Zakat, is the Arabic word importance mandatory giving. The fourth mainstay of Islam is fasting throughout the blessed month of Ramadan. From first light to dusk no sustenance or beverage is allowed. 

Refraining from smoking is obliged as well. Exceptions are made for pregnant women or the infirmed. Ultimately, Islamic pilgrimage that includes Haj and umrah, and this is generally a highlight of any Muslim's life and holds profound centrality. While umrah is optional, Hajj is an absolute must for all able-bodied followers of Islam.