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Things to Know about Blood Group Test

by Aisha Kapoor Medical Laboratory Professional

Blood typing helps individuals know about the blood group. It is also prescribed by doctors to check if a person has a specific substance called Rh factor on the surface of the red blood cells. The blood group of a person depends on whether or not particular proteins are on the red blood cells of the individual. These proteins are called antigens. The blood group is also based on what type a person’s parents passed down to them. Blood is often typed as per the ABO blood typing system. The four main blood types include type A, type B, type AB, and type O.



 

How is the blood group test done?


A blood sample is required. The test to decide your blood group is named ABO typing. In this test, the blood sample is combined with antibodies against A and B blood types. Later, the blood sample is analysed to check if the blood cells stick together or not. In case the blood cells get attached, it shows that the blood has reacted with antibodies.

 

The second stage is known as back typing. In this step, the liquid part of your blood without serum or cells is combined with blood that is recognized to be type A and type B. Those with blood group A have anti-B antibodies and people with blood type B contain anti-A antibodies. However, type O has both kinds of antibodies. 

 

Both the steps mentioned above can correctly determine your blood type.

 

Just like ABO typing, Rh typing utilizes the same method. When it is done to check if you have Rh on the surface of your red blood cells, the outcomes will be one of the followings:

 

· Rh- (negative) – In case a person does not have this cell surface protein

· Rh+ (positive) – If one has this cell surface protein

 

Why is the test done?


Blood typing is performed so one can safely collect a blood transfusion or an organ transplant. The blood group of a person must strongly go with the blood group of the blood one who is receiving. In case the blood groups do not match:


  • Antibodies will grow against the received red blood cells and hit these blood cells. 
  • The immune system of the person will find the donated red blood cells as unfamiliar.

 

 Here are two methods why the donated blood and the receiver’s blood may not match:  


  • Rh factor may not match
  • A difference between blood groups AB, A, B, and O. This is one of the most common types of difference. In many cases, the immune reaction is very severe.

 

Blood grouping is vital for women during pregnancy. Careful testing can help in preventing anaemia jaundice in the newborn.

 

Depending on the results, doctors can decide which form of blood one can safely receive. 

 

There are several antigens besides the primary ones including A, B, and Rh. Most minor ones are not regularly checked during blood typing. In case they are not spotted, one may still have a reaction while getting a specific kind of blood, even if the major antigens are matched. Choosing a good pathology lab is very important to get the right results for all blood-related tests such as the Mantoux test and more.


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About Aisha Kapoor Junior   Medical Laboratory Professional

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Joined APSense since, August 28th, 2019, From Haryana, India.

Created on Apr 17th 2020 06:44. Viewed 518 times.

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