Integrated Circuits: Types and Functions

by Shawn Deny Internet Marketing Manager

Rapid changed in technology has revolutionized almost everything – even the basic electronic circuits! As one of the most noteworthy development in electronic technology, the integrated circuits could be valued as the highlight of the 21^st century. Integrated circuits or ICs, as they are commonly known, have altered the fate of electronics. In comparison to conventional circuits, it

· is more reliable

· dispels lesser heat

· is compact, and small

· is cost effective

ICs contain interconnected capacitors, diodes, transistors, resistors etc. the components are connected to each other via external connecting terminals enclosed in a small container. The fact that ICs are miniscule makes them ideal for use in modern day control devices and electronics. Categorized in terms of manufacturing techniques, the integrated circuits come in three categories:

· Monolithic ICs

· Thick and Thin Film ICs

· Multichip or Hybrid ICs

The Monolithic ICs

The Word monolithic is a derivation of two Greek words; mono (single) and lithos (stone) reflecting the built of the circuit on a single crystal. Monolithic ICs have all the separate active and passive components and their interconnections compiled on a silicon chip. In the modern day, this particular type of IC is most commonly used as voltage regulator, amplifier; in AM receivers and computer circuits.

Thick and Thin Film ICs

This class of ICs has integrated passive components (capacitors and resistors). However the active components like transistors and diodes are separately connected to complete a single circuit. Produced commercially, these ICs are a combination of discrete and integrated components. Both, the thick and thin ICs, have similar appearance and characteristics. It is the method of film disposition that sets them apart.

The thick film ICs use silk printing technique to generate the required circuit pattern on a substrate made of ceramic. On the other hand, thin films are created by placing films of a conductor on a ceramic base or glass surface.

In most cases, these films are made of a refined stainless steel wire mesh with the connections pasted having resistive, dielectric, and conductive properties.

Multichip or Hybrid ICs

Like the name depicts, this type of IC contains multiple interconnected chips. The passive components on hybrid ICs include diffused capacitors or resistors planted on a sole chip; whereas the diffused diodes and transistors form its active components. Metallized patterns are used to build connections between the components. Hybrids are vastly used in high powered amplifier applications.

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