Articles
An international group of researchers
by Mk Handbag MK handbagGraphene
provides efficient electronics cooling
A layer of graphene can reduce the
working temperature in hotspots inside a processor by up to 25 percent which
can significantly extend the working life of computers and other electronics.
An international group of researchers, headed by Chalmers University of
Technology in Sweden, are the first in the world to show that graphene has a
heat dissipating effect on silicon based electronics.
? This discovery
opens the door to increased functionality and continues to push the boundaries
when it comes to miniaturising electronics, said Chalmers Professor Johan Liu
who heads the international research project.
Modern electronic systems
generate a great deal of heat, above all due to the constantly increasing demand
for more and more functionality. It is important to be able to remove the heat
generated in an efficient way to maintain the long life of the system.
One rule of thumb is that a 10-degree Celsius increase in working
temperature halves the working life of an electronics system.
During the
study, the researchers focused on reducing the temperature in the small area
where the electronics work most intensively such as inside a processor, for
instance.
These tiny hotspots are found in all electronics. Size wise,
they are on a micro or nano scale, in other words a thousandth of a millimetre
or smaller.
The normal working temperature in the hotspots we have
cooled with a graphene layer has ranged from 55 to 115 degrees Celsius. We have
been able to reduce this by up to 13 degrees, which not only improves energy
efficiency, it also extends the working life of the electronics.
Efficient cooling is a major challenge in many different applications,
such as automotive electronics, power electronics, computers, radio base
stations and in various light emitting diodes, or LED lights.
In
automotive electronics systems, any single device in the ignition system can
pump out up to 80 W continuously and in transient stage up to 300 W (within 10
nanoseconds). LED devices can have a thermal intensity almost on a par with the
sun, up to 600 W/cm2 due to their extremely small size.
Superior cooling
of electronics can deliver tremendous advantages. According to a recent study in
the US based on data from 2006, around 50 percent of the total electricity used
to run data servers goes on cooling the systems.
The research, that has
been undertaken in partnership with the Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology, Shanghai University in China and Swedish company SHT Smart High Tech
AB, has been published in the scientific publication Carbon.
Indium tin
oxide (ITO) has become a standard material in light-emitting diodes, flat panel
plasma displays, electronic ink and other applications because of its high
performance, moisture resistance, and capacity for being finely etched.
But indium is also rare and expensive, and it requires a costly
deposition process to make opto-electronic devices and makes for a brittle
electrode. Replacing indium as the default material in transparent electrodes is
a high priority for the electronics industry.
The TiO2/Ag/TiO2 composite
electrode multilayer film the researchers studied has been well characterised in
the literature, but the team optimised both the thickness of the silver layer
and the manufacturing process so that the multilayer film has a low sheet
resistance and high optical transmittance, both properties necessary for
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choose.
The researchers created films with a sheet resistance as low as
one sixth of that achieved by previous studies, while maintaining approximately
90 percent optical transmittance.
With the choice of an underlying
substrate made of polyethylene napthalate (PEN) -- a sturdy polymer used in a
variety of applications from bottling carbonated beverages to manufacturing
flexible electronics -- the researchers added additional durability.
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About Mk Handbag 
MK handbag
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