What Do You Need to Notice While Producing Organic Fertilizer?
1.Water control
Moisture is an important requirement for organic composting. In the process of
manure composting, relative water content of the original material of
composting is 40% to 70%, to ensure the smooth progress of compost. The most
suitable moisture content is 60-70%. Too high or too low material moisture
content can impact aerobic microbial activity so that water regulation should
be carried out before fermentation. When material moisture content is less than
60%, heating up is slow, temperature is low and decomposition degree is
inferior. The moisture is more than 70%, having an effect on ventilation, which
forms into anaerobic fermentation, slow heating and poor decomposition.
Studies have shown that adding water into compost heap can accelerate compost
maturity and stability in the most active phrase. Water volume should remain
50-60%. Moisture should be added thereafter maintained at 40% to 50%, while it
should not be leaking. Moisture should be controlled below 30% in the products.
If the water content is high, it should be drying at the temperature of 80℃.
2.Temperature control
Temperature is the results of microorganisms activity. It determines the
interaction of materials. At the temperature of 30 ~ 50℃ in
the initial stage of compost heap, mesophile activity can generate heat,
prompting the temperature of compost. The optimum temperature was 55 ~ 60℃.
Thermophilic microorganisms can degrade a large number of organic materials and
quickly break down cellulose in a short time. High temperature is the necessary
condition for killing the poisonous wastes, including pathogens, parasite eggs
and weed seeds, etc. Under normal circumstances, it takes 2 ~ 3 weeks to kill
hazardous waste at the temperature of 55 ℃ , 65 ℃ for
1 week, or 70 ℃
for several hours.
Moisture content is the factor that affects the temperature of the compost.
Excessive moisture can decrease compost temperature. Adjusting the water
content is conductive to warming
at the later stage of compost. Temperature can be reduced by increasing the
moisture content, avoiding high temperature in the process of compost.
Composting is another factor for temperature control. Composting can control
the temperature of materials and enhance evaporation, forcing air through the
heap. It is an effective method for reducing the reactor temperature to useself-propelled compost turner. It is characterized by easy
operation, low price and high performance. To adjust the frequency of
composting controls the temperature and the timing of maximum
temperature.
3.C/N ratio control
When C/N ratio is appropriate, composting can be produced smoothly. If C/N
ratio is too high, due to lack of nitrogen and limited growing environment,
degradation rate of organic wastes becomes slow, causing to longer manure
composting time. If the C/N ratio is too low, the carbon can be utilized fully utilized,
an excess of nitrogen loses in forms of ammonia. It not only affects the
environment but also reduces the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Microbes
compose microbial protoplasm during organic composting. On a dry weight basis,
protoplasm contains 50% carbon, 5% nitrogen and 0. 25% phosphate. Therefore,
researchers recommend that suitable C/N of compost is 20-30%.
C/N ratio of organic compost can be adjusted by adding materials that contain
high carbon or high nitrogen. Some materials, such as straw, weeds, deadwood
and leaves, contain fibers, lignin and pectin. Because high C/N, it can be used
as high-carbon additive material. On account of high nitrogen content,
livestock manure can be used as high-nitrogen additives. For instance, pig
manure contains ammonium nitrogen that is available for 80 percent of the
microbes, so as to effectively promote microbial growth and reproduction and
accelerate compost maturity. New type organic fertilizer granulator is suitable for
this phase. When origin materials enter the machine, additives can be added
according to different requirements.
4.Ventilation and oxygen supplying
It is an significant factor for manure composting to have enough air and
oxygen. Its main function is to provide necessary oxygen for microbial growth.
To regulate reaction temperature by controlling ventilation so as to control
the maximum temperature of composting and time of occurrence. While maintaining
the optimum temperature conditions, to increase ventilation can remove
moisture. Proper ventilation and oxygen can reduce nitrogen loss, malodor
production and moisture of compost product, which is easy to store products.
The moisture of organic fertilizers has an effect on aeration porosity and
microbial activity, affecting the oxygen consumption. It is a decisive factor
in aerobic composting. It needs to control moisture and ventilation on the
basis of the properties of materials, to achieve coordination of water and
oxygen. While in consideration of both, it can promote microbial growth and
reproduction and optimize control condition.
The study has shown that oxygen consumption increases exponentially below 60 ℃,
lower consumption higher than 60 ℃ and close to
zero above 70 ℃.
The amount of ventilation and oxygen should be controlled in accordance with
different temperature.
5. pH control
The pH value impacts the entire composting process. In the initial stage of
composting, pH affects bacterial activity. For example, pH=6.0 is the boundary
point for pig mature and saw-dust. It inhibits carbon dioxide and heat
generation at pH <6.0. It increases rapidly in carbon dioxide and heat
generation at PH> 6. 0. While entering high temperature phase, the combined
action of high pH and high temperature leads to volatilization of ammonia.
Microbes degrade into organic acid with composting, resulting in pH reduction,
to 5 or so. And then volatile organic acids volatilize because of rising
temperature. In the meanwhile, ammonia, denigrated by organics, makes pH rise.
Eventually, it stabilizes at a high level. In the high temperature of compost,
pH value at 7.5 ~ 8.5 can achieve maximal composting rate. Too high pH can also
cause excessive volatilization of ammonia, thus it can reduce the pH by the
addition of alum and phosphoric acid.
In short, to control the quality of organic fertilizers is not simple. It is
relatively easy for a single condition. However, the materials are interacted
and interinhibitive. To achieve the whole optimization of composting condition,
every process should be cooperated. When the control condition is proper, composting
can be processed smoothly. Therefore, organic fertilizers of high quality can
be produced and best fertilizer can be used for plants.
Email: info@fertilizer-machinery.com
Website:
Comments