How to Take Care of Mouth and Teethes

Teeth are covered with a hard, outer layer called enamel. Every day, a thin film of bacteria called plaque forms on your teeth. The bacteria in plaque produce acids that attack tooth enamel and can cause tooth decay. Brushing and flossing can prevent cavities, but if a cavity has formed, the dentist must repair it with a filling to prevent further damage.

Use fluoride toothpaste to protect your teeth from decay. If you are at higher risk for tooth decay (for example, if you have a dry mouth due to a medical condition or taking medication), you may need more fluoride. Your dentist or dental hygienist may prescribe fluoride treatment during an office visit or recommend that you use a fluoride gel or mouth rinse at home.

Gum disease begins when plaque accumulates along and under the gum line. Plaque causes an infection that damages the gums and bone that hold your teeth in place. A mild form of gum disease can cause your gums to become red, sensitive, and more likely to bleed. This problem, called gingivitis, can often be fixed by brushing and flossing your teeth daily.

A more severe form of gum disease, called periodontitis, must be treated by a dentist. If left untreated, this infection can lead to sore, bleeding gums, painful chewing problems and even tooth loss.

Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.

Visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings. Tell your dentist about any diseases or medications you are taking.

Eat a balanced diet.

Quit smoking. Smoking increases your risk for gum disease.

How to clean your teeth and gums

There is a right way to brush and floss your teeth. Every day: 3 series showing how to floss your teeth.

Gently brush your teeth from all sides using a soft bristle brush and fluoride toothpaste. Replace your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months.

Use small circular movements and short back and forth strokes.

Lightly brush your tongue or use a tongue scraper to keep your mouth clean.

Clean the spaces between your teeth with dental floss, pre-threaded flossers, a water flosser, or a similar product. This will remove plaque and food debris that the toothbrush can't reach.

People with arthritis or other conditions that limit hand movement may find it difficult to hold and use a toothbrush. Some helpful tips are:

Use an electric or battery-powered toothbrush.

Attach the toothbrush handle to your hand with a wide rubber band.

Two hands show how to hold a toothbrush better with a utensil holder and a rubber bandSee your dentist if your gums bleed or your mouth hurts when you brush or floss. If you have trouble flossing, a floss holder can help. Ask your dentist to show you how to floss properly.

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