Fluorescent probe definition:
Fluorescent probes are fluorophores (
fluorescent dyes) that can respond to specific stimuli (such as temperature, pH, specific substances or ions, etc.) or localize to specific regions of biological specimens.
Fluorescent probe structure:
Fluorescent probes consist of at least two parts: one part is a part with a reaction or recognition function (a receptor that specifically binds to a target); the other part is a part with a signal output function (a fluorophore that emits fluorescence). Groups (or not) are connected.
Conditions for fluorescent probes:
1. Specific binding;
2. The fluorescence quantum yield is always relatively high;
3. The fluorescence of the fluorescent probe is different from the background fluorescence of biological samples;
4. Does not affect the structure and properties of the biomolecules under study;
5. Good solubility, and no chemical reaction with other substances after dissolution;
6. Non-toxic or less toxic.
Applications of fluorescent probes:
1. Fluorescence imaging at the cell level: organelle dyes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) detection dyes, and cell viability detection kits.
2. Biochemical detection: bioactive probes, Ca+ detection reagents (metal ion metabolism detection).
3. Protein reagents: reagents for separation and purification of phosphorylated proteins and glycosylated proteins, enzyme activity detection reagents such as transaminase and phosphohydrolase.
4. Labeling dyes: a variety of chemically active
fluorescent dyes, and fluorescence quenchers, used for the labeling of biomolecules (such as the labeling of proteins, nucleic acids, biofilms, etc.).
Specific probes:
PH probe, NO fluorescent probe, ROS hypoxia probe, cell membrane probe, fluorescent ion probe, fluorescent metal probe, membrane potential probe, UV-tracer probe, a fluorescent probe for bacterial imaging, glutathione Peptide probes, and more.