Types of Miscarriage: All about Miscarriage types

by Sneha Bhatt IVF Center

According to WHO, a miscarriage is defined as a pregnancy failure occurring before the 20th week of gestation and when the fetus weighs less than 500 grams.

Other researchers claim that a miscarriage is the spontaneous or induced termination of gestation before week 20 of pregnancy but that the fetus is not viable outside of the mother's uterus. A miscarriage is also called “spontaneous abortion” or natural in connection with the termination of pregnancy.

A miscarriage can also occur during the second trimester of pregnancy; in this case, we are dealing with a “late miscarriage”.

Miscarriages affect about 15% of women and they don't even know it.

Different types of miscarriage & its signs-

The main symptoms are vaginal bleeding or bleeding accompanied by pelvic cramps which are actually uterine contractions.
However, it should be noted that all bleeding is not a sign of miscarriage as it can be some other reason too. However, it is better to consult your gynecologist for an investigation.
Abdominal and/or back pain can accompany the cramps; these can be very sharp and constant or intermittent.
Bleeding can be light to heavy and accompanied by a clot, fetal or placenta tissue.
The woman is feverish and may even suffer chills.

What are the types of miscarriage & its causes?

Specialists explain that miscarriages are due to genetic problems in the embryo, regardless of the mother. Thus, they cannot develop normally or even be viable after birth.

Certain pathologies also lead to a miscarriage like diabetes and bacterial or viral infections which are transmitted by the placental way.

Other causes include hormonal problems, problems related to the thyroid, pathologies linked to the mother's uterus, etc.

Risk factors & miscarriage types-

A higher risk of miscarriage occurs if:

• The woman is pregnant at a certain age (> 38 years)

• If the woman has had more than 4 miscarriages

• She smokes more than 5 cigarettes a day

• If she is an alcoholic or uses drugs

• She is exposed to radiation

• A woman has abnormalities in the uterus

Miscarriage Types: Abnormal uterus-

Miscarriages also occur due to the cervical failure of the mother.

Cervical insufficiency also called cervical incompetence is the constitutional weakness or acquired cervical tissue leading to its expansion and expulsion of the fetus.

This miscarriage unlike the first occurs normally during the second trimester of pregnancy and has very few symptoms.

The woman will have an urge to urinate then her water will break followed by the fetus accompanied by the placenta that will come out of themselves.

However, this anomaly can be diagnosed in time and the gynecologist will undertake a cerclage of the cervix. The strapping is done through the suture of the cervix and thus avoids miscarriage.

What are the types of miscarriage?

The different types of miscarriage include-

Types of Miscarriage: According to the frequency

Sporadic miscarriage: That occurs in isolation.
Recurrent miscarriage: That occurs repeatedly when the woman has 3 successive or non-consecutive miscarriages

Types of Miscarriage: By the age of a pregnancy

Subclinical miscarriage: Unnoticed pregnancy because it occurs between conception and implantation of the egg
The fake clinic layer: Occurs when the pregnancy is confirmed
The early miscarriage: Takes place before 10 weeks
Late miscarriage

Types of Miscarriage: Depending on the appearance of the embryo sac

This is only seen with an ultrasound.

Empty embryo sac- The embryo is not in the embryo sac. More specifically, the embryo sac is empty. According to specialists, there was an early cessation of the development of the embryo.
Interrupted pregnancy: In this case, the sac is embryonated, but compared to the clear egg, development stops later. The heart of the embryo is no longer beating.

Types of Miscarriage: According to clinical variety

We distinguish the miscarriage:

Complete: After termination of pregnancy, the fetus and the placenta is expelled from the uterus. In this case, no treatment is useful because the bleeding is minimal and the cervix is closed.
Incomplete: Most of the products of conception are not expelled. So, the gynecologist must practice curettage to remove the rest of the contents of the uterus. This is to avoid hemorrhage or life-threatening infections of the mother.
Missed: The fetus is no longer viable and the signs of pregnancy disappear. This occurs most often around the 15th week of amenorrhea. The adapted treatment will also be the curettage of the gestational sac.
With interrupted ovum: In this specific case, the ovum has been fertilized but the embryo has not formed. The pregnancy has gone unnoticed and everything will be eliminated during menstruation.
Threatened abortion: The woman is bleeding but the fetus is still viable and present in the mother's uterus.

Types of Miscarriage: Therapeutic miscarriage or therapeutic abortion

Abortion should be done mainly for medical reasons.

If there is a life-threatening commitment that is to say that the life of the mother is in danger.
If the fetus has genetic problems, congenital disease or malformations.
In the case of ectopic pregnancy, which has the same signs of a miscarriage. The embryo does not develop in the uterus but in the fallopian tubes.

To know more about miscarriage types, visit one of the best IVF centers in India.