What are valvular heart diseases?

Valvular heart diseases are a group of conditions that affect the heart's valves, which are responsible for controlling the flow of blood through the heart. There are four main heart valves: the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve, the mitral valve, and the tricuspid valve. Valvular heart diseases can be classified into two main types: Stenosis: This occurs when a heart valve becomes narrow or stiff, restricting the flow of blood through it. Common causes include calcification or scarring of the valve leaflets. Stenosis can affect any of the heart valves. Regurgitation (insufficiency): This happens when a valve doesn't close properly, allowing blood to leak backward. It can result from valve leaflets not closing tightly or from damage to the valve structure. Valvular heart diseases can lead to various symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. If left untreated, they can lead to serious complications like heart failure. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include medication, lifestyle changes, or surgery to repair or replace the affected valve. Regular medical evaluation and follow-up are crucial for managing valvular heart diseases. There are best hospitals like Manipal Hospital Dwarka where best cardiologists can treat heart diseases successfully. The symptoms of valvular heart diseases can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, as well as which heart valve is affected. Common symptoms include: Shortness of Breath: This is one of the most common symptoms and can occur with exertion or even at rest. It may be more noticeable when lying down (orthopnea) or when waking up at night (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea). Chest Pain or Discomfort: Patients may experience chest pain or pressure, especially during physical activity or when the heart is working harder. Fatigue: Generalized tiredness or weakness, often out of proportion to the level of physical activity, can be a symptom of valvular heart disease. Palpitations: Irregular or rapid heartbeats can occur and may be felt as palpitations in the chest. Swelling (Edema): Fluid retention can lead to swelling in the ankles, feet, or abdomen. Fainting (Syncope): Some individuals with severe valvular heart disease may experience fainting episodes, especially during physical exertion. Heart Murmurs: Healthcare providers may detect abnormal heart sounds called heart murmurs during a physical examination. These can be an indicator of valvular problems. Cyanosis: In severe cases, where there's inadequate oxygen supply to the body, bluish discoloration of the lips or extremities (cyanosis) can occur. People, sometimes, with valvular heart disease may not experience noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages of the condition. Regular medical check-ups, including auscultation (listening to heart sounds), are crucial for early detection and management. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms suggestive of valvular heart disease, it's important to seek medical evaluation and advice for proper diagnosis and treatment.