What Is Turbocharger? How Does It Work?

An internal combustion engine , takes in air into the cylinder. It is mixed with fuel and burnt to produce power. When the speed of the engine increases, the time available for sucking in air into the combustion chamber decreases. This is where the turbocharger comes into play. A turbocharger is used to push more air into the combustion chamber, so that the combustion chamber gets filled in a shorter time period. This helps to run the engine smoothly. It is also used for increasing the power output from the engine because when more air is present inside the combustion chamber, more fuel can be burnt and hence more power can be produced.

 

First of all, turbocharging is the process of harvesting the residual power available in the exhaust gases to pressurize the air in the intake manifold. A turbocharger is a device used for this purpose.

 

In a turbocharger, a turbine is fitted inside the exhaust port of the engine. The gases inside the exhaust port possesses some energy. These gases are made to strike on the blades of the turbine inside the exhaust manifold. Some part of this exhaust gas energy is transferred to the blades of the turbine causing the rotor of the turbine to rotate.

 

This turbine is coupled to a compressor unit. When the tubine rotates the compressor also rotates with it. The compressor is placed inside the air inlet passage. The compressor also consists of a rotor which sucks in air from the atmosphere and provides air at high pressure at its outlet. This air at high pressure is supplied to the combustion chamber.

 

This is how a turbocharger harvests the waste energy in the exhaust gases to increase the power output of an internal combustion engine.

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