Understanding Article 21: The Right to Life in the Indian Constitution

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, stating: "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law." This fundamental right is a cornerstone of Indian democracy and has been expansively interpreted by the judiciary to include a wide range of rights essential for leading a dignified life.

Evolution and Interpretation

Originally, the scope of Article 21 was narrow, focusing primarily on protection against arbitrary state action. However, through various landmark judgments, the Indian judiciary has significantly broadened its interpretation, evolving it into a comprehensive repository of human rights.

Significance

Article 21 is not just a legal provision but a profound expression of the Indian state's commitment to preserving human dignity and ensuring a just and equitable society. Its evolving interpretation by the judiciary reflects the dynamic nature of fundamental rights in response to changing societal needs and challenges.

Conclusion

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution stands as a testament to the protection of fundamental human rights in India. Its broad and inclusive interpretation has been instrumental in safeguarding individual liberties and promoting the overall well-being of citizens. Understanding its depth and breadth is crucial for appreciating the legal framework that supports and enhances the quality of life in India.