The biological function of glutathione

According to glutathione supplier, glutathione is widely distributed in nature organism, mainly existed in yeast, animal liver, muscle, blood, many plants, such as vegetables, legumes, cereals, potatoes, mushrooms and bacteria also contain a certain amount of glutathione. In animal cells, the level of reduced glutathione has 5mmol/L, while the oxidized was only 0.1mmol/L, high levels of intracellular GSH in maintaining the normal function of animal's body is important.

The metabolic processes of glutathione in the body have been basically clear. GSH enter into the blood circulation can be directly absorbed into the cells by a number of organizations, can also be degraded into r- glutamyl amino acids (amino acids from the free amino acids in extracellular fluid) and cysteinyl glycine by the r-glutamyl endopeptidase (rGT) on organized cell membrane, and then degraded into the cysteine ​​and glycine or in the form of dipeptide transport into the cell by dipeptide enzymatic, at last degraded into cysteine ​​and glycine. Most mammalian’s kidney, liver, small intestine, lung tissue have higher r-GT and two peptidase activity, they are the main organ of GSH in the clears circulatory system. In the cell, the amino acids which compose of GSH was catalyzed by r-glutamyl transferase cyclization, r-glutamylcysteine ​​synthetase, glutathione synthetase and generate glutathione. The synthesis of GSH by itself feedback inhibit the r-glutamylcysteine ​​synthetase to control. Liver is the main place of GSH synthesis in vivo. Intracellular glutathione in the catalyst of glutathione S-transferase (GST), can through a series of reaction with the intracellular production of reactive electrophilic group, combine to form an organic hydroperoxide GSH-S- complexes, to generate N-acetyl -Cys-(x), transported out of the cell and excreted.

The physiological functions of glutathione is wide range, its main functions have: (1) clear free radicals, peroxides, heavy metals and other toxic aflatoxin; (2) involved in the transporter of amino acid (glutamine, cysteine ​​and other neutral amino acids); (3) facilitate the absorption of iron, selenium, calcium, glutathione can also make the feed peroxide fatty acids return to the normal fat in absorbing or after absorbed; (4) protect the gastrointestinal mucosa, preventing due to inflammation, ischemia, oxidative substances and so on damage to the intestinal mucosa; (5) store and provide its constitute amino acids (especially cysteine); (6) involved in protein and DNA synthesis; (7) as a reducing substance, beneficial to the reduction of vitamin E, vitamin c, maintaining the thiol activity, and as a cofactor of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, also the coenzyme of glyoxal enzyme, triose phosphate dehydrogenase; (8) glutathione plays an important role in the immune system fight infection and inflammation, for lymphocyte proliferation and the normal function to play also have an important role; (9) involved in the metabolism of insulin, to reduce the activity of estrogen, prostaglandins, leukotrienes; (10) as adjuvant therapy drugs of anti-cancer, anti- cancer and AIDS.

Glutathione has been widely used as a drug in treating many diseases; as functional foods and nutritional supplements used in the food processing industry. On the animal husbandry and veterinary, the present application of GSH is still small, only a few reports; as a cosmetic raw material, used for help skin against the sunlight and the resist melanin synthesized. Due to glutathione has many biological functions of scavenging free radicals and detoxification, promote amino acid transporting, protect the gastrointestinal mucosa, improve immune function, involved in protein synthesis and degradation, regulate gene replication, transcription, regulate cell growth and so on, thus GSH in animal production in expected to have a good prospect.

Source:http://www.cosprm.com

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Created on Dec 31st 1969 18:00. Viewed 0 times.

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