How Does High Blood Sugar Damage Arteries?

by dr ramji Mehrotra dr ramji mehrotra cardiac surgeon

High blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is too high. Glucose is the main source of energy for our bodies and it is regulated by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. When the level of glucose in the blood rises, the pancreas releases insulin to help the cells absorb the glucose. However, when this process is disrupted, such as in diabetes, the level of glucose in the blood remains high, causing damage to the blood vessels and other organs over time.

According to leading cardiovascular surgeon Dr Ramji Mehrotra, one of the most serious consequences of high blood sugar is the damage it causes to the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When the level of glucose in the blood is too high, it can cause the blood vessels to become inflamed and damaged, leading to a build-up of plaque on the inner walls of the arteries. This plaque build-up can reduce the flow of blood and oxygen to the body's organs and tissues, leading to a number of health problems.

High blood sugar can cause oxidative stress and inflammation, which leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are harmful compounds that damage the proteins and tissues in the body, including the blood vessels. This damage to the blood vessels can cause them to become stiff and narrow, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular events.

In addition, high blood sugar can damage the endothelium, the delicate lining of the blood vessels. The endothelium is responsible for regulating blood flow, and when it is damaged, it can lead to the formation of blood clots, which can cause blockages in the blood vessels and lead to heart attack or stroke.

The damage caused by high blood sugar can also lead to the development of peripheral arterial disease, a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet become narrow and blocked, causing pain and decreased circulation.

Dr Ramji Mehrotra suggests that to reduce the risk of damage to the arteries and other health problems caused by high blood sugar, it is important to maintain good blood sugar control. This can be achieved through lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, quitting smoking, and taking medications as prescribed. It is also important to regularly monitor blood sugar levels and consult with a specialist as required.