Guidance for Fire Alarm Systems

When it comes to contingencies, first thing that comes in mind is safety and security. In todays’ scenario whether it’s any place, safety, in case of Fire, has become a prime priority and concern.
Let’s take a sneak up as to what exactly will be a Fire Alarm System.

Fire Alarm Systems
Choosing a Fire Alarm System is not tough but one has to look into some aspects before installation, from a building structure to looking into the purpose and use of that building and current legislation.
Guidance contains brief descriptions on the major components that are required to make a fire alarm system.

Types of Fire Alarm Systems

Fire Alarm Systems essentially operate on a same principle that, if a detector detects smoke, heat, or someone operates a break glass unit (manual break point); then alarm sounders operate to warn others in the affected building that there may be a fire and a need for evacuation has arisen. Fire brigade would also be alerted through remote signalling equipment, which would alert the central station.

Fire Alarm Systems can be understood into four categories:

Conventional
A number of call points and detectors are wired in different Zones, to the Fire Alarm Control Panel. A Zone is defined as a circuit wherein one would wire a circuit per floor or fire compartment. The Fire Alarm Control Panel has Zone Lamps that glow at the time of contingency. The Zones gives clarity and an idea as to where a fire has occurred. It is important for the fire brigade and for the building management too. The accuracy of knowing where fire has started is controlled by the number of Zones, Control Panel has and the number of circuits that have been wired within the building. The Control Panel is wired to a minimum of two sounder circuits which could contain electronic sounders, bells and other audible devices. Each circuit has an end of line device which is used for monitoring purposes.

Addressable Systems
The detection principle is similar to a Conventional System except that the Control Panel can determine exactly which detector or call point has initiated an alarm. The detection circuit is wired as a loop and up to 99 devices may be connected to each loop. The detectors are essentially Conventional Detectors, with a built in address. The address in each detector is set by dil switches and the Control Panel is programmed in such a way, to display the information required when that particular detector is operated. Additional Field Devices are available which are wired to the loop for detection only. Sounders are wired with a minimum of two sounder circuits exactly as a Conventional System. Loop Isolation Modules are available for fitting on to the detection of loop/loops so that the loop is sectioned in order to ensure, a short circuit or even one fault will cause a loss of minimal part of the system.

Analogue Addressable
Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm Systems also known as Intelligent Fire Alarm Systems. Several types of Analogue Systems are available which are determined by use and type of protocol. The bulk of standard Analogue Detectors can only give output signals representing the value of detected phenomena. The Control Unit decides whether there is a fire, fault, pre-alarm or any other issue. Each detector effectively incorporates its own computer which evaluates the environment around it, and communicates it to the Control Panel signifying whether there is a fire, fault or the detector head needs cleaning. Analogue Systems are more complex and incorporate more facilities than Conventional or Addressable Systems. Primary purpose of it is to help prevent the occurrence of false alarms. With an Analogue Addressable System, up to 127 input devices i.e.: Smoke Detectors, Call Points, Heat Detectors, Contact Monitors and other interface devices may be wired to each detection loop. Also 32 Output Devices such as Loop Sounders, Relay Modules and Sounder Modules may be connected. Analogue Systems are available in 2, 4 and 8 loop versions which means a large premise can be effectively and efficiently monitored from one single panel.

Wireless Fire Alarm System
An effective alternative to traditional wired fire alarm systems for all applications. It utilises secure, licence-free radio communications to interconnect the sensors and devices (smoke detectors, call-points, etc.) with the controllers. It has a simple concept, providing many unique benefits and is a full analogue addressable fire detection system without a need for a cable.

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