7 Common Conditions Treated With Craniofacial Surgery

Craniofacial surgery is a special kind of surgery that helps fix problems in the head, face, and jaw. These surgeries are often needed when a child is born with a condition that affects how their face or skull grows. In some cases, craniofacial surgery is also used to treat injuries or other medical issues. Below are seven common conditions that are often treated with craniofacial surgery, explained in simple words.

1. Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

A cleft lip happens when the baby’s upper lip doesn’t fully form before birth, leaving a gap or opening. A cleft palate is when the roof of the mouth has a hole or gap. These conditions can make it hard for a child to eat, speak, and even breathe properly.

Craniofacial surgeons perform surgery to close these openings, usually within the first year of life. These surgeries improve the child’s appearance and help with feeding and speech. Some children may need more than one surgery as they grow older.

2. Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is a condition where one or more of the bones in a baby’s skull close too early. This can cause the head to grow in a strange shape and may put pressure on the brain.

Surgeons treat craniosynostosis by carefully removing and reshaping parts of the skull. This helps the brain grow properly and gives the child a more normal head shape. The surgery is usually done within the first year of life.

3. Hemifacial Microsomia

Hemifacial microsomia means one side of the face is smaller or underdeveloped. This can affect the ear, jaw, cheek, or eye. It may also cause problems with hearing or chewing.

Craniofacial surgeons can improve the symmetry of the face using various techniques. They may use bone grafts, implants, or devices to slowly move bones into better positions. The goal is to improve both function and appearance.

Read More: 5 Most Common Types Of Craniofacial Surgery

4. Facial Trauma or Injuries

Sometimes accidents, like falls or car crashes, can cause injuries to the bones of the face. This may lead to broken noses, jaws, or eye sockets.

Craniofacial surgery helps fix these injuries by realigning the bones and making sure everything is in the right place. This not only helps the person look better but also restores important functions like chewing, breathing, and seeing clearly.

5. Treacher Collins Syndrome

This is a genetic condition that affects how the bones and tissues of the face develop. Children with Treacher Collins syndrome often have small cheekbones, jaw problems, and hearing loss.

Craniofacial surgeons can help by rebuilding facial bones, correcting jaw problems, and sometimes working with other specialists to improve hearing. The goal is to help the child look more balanced and function better.

6. Jaw Problems (Orthognathic Surgery)

Some children and adults have jaws that do not align properly. This can lead to trouble with chewing, speaking, or breathing. It may also cause facial imbalance.

Orthognathic surgery is a type of craniofacial surgery that moves the upper and/or lower jaw into the right position. This helps improve bite, appearance, and breathing. Braces are often used before and after the surgery.

7. Tumors or Cysts in the Face and Skull

Sometimes children or adults develop non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous growths in their skull or facial bones. These can cause swelling, pain, or changes in appearance.

Craniofacial surgeons remove the tumor or cyst and rebuild the area with bone or tissue from another part of the body. This type of surgery helps protect the brain and improves the look and function of the face.

Final Thoughts

Craniofacial surgery can truly change lives. Whether it's correcting a birth defect, repairing an injury, or removing a growth, these procedures are thoughtfully planned to improve the patient’s appearance, comfort, and overall function. Often, a team of specialists—including pediatricians, dentists, ENT doctors, and speech therapists—works together to provide the best possible care.

If your child has a craniofacial condition, choosing a trusted and experienced medical center is essential. The NJ Craniofacial Center is dedicated to providing expert care and comprehensive treatment for children with craniofacial differences. With early support and the right team by your side, your child can enjoy a healthier, happier future.