Seabed Abysmal

by Nadir Sosa Networker

Throughout the course of history man has been able to discover almost everything that has been proposed, both on our planet in the universe, but has always faced with the vastness of our oceans and wh

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Seabed: abysses of our planet

In 200 meters are certain areas of transition (up to 2000 m), coming after a sharp and deep stage, which is the limit of the pelagic region, with close examinations included between 2000 and 6000 meters.

This is the greatest development in the oceans. In this area the deposits are already scarce, very thin and uniform, consisting of silts and clays, which according to their color, origin and chemical composition, are classified into different types. Also abound in such deep deposits of organic origin, such as silt of Globigerina, pteropods, radiolarians, etc..

The relief of the abyssal plain, is poorly developed and can be considered as a reversal of the massive high-rise on the continents. In general, related to high altitude areas, a phenomenon of great importance for the explanation of the great depressions and cracks or geoclasas. For its small size and extraordinary depth are called pits. The main ones are:

The gap Emden, in the Philippines, 10,793 meters

That of Rampao in the oceanic Bonin Islands, of 10,660 meters

That of Nero, in the Marianas, in 9,636 meters

The grave in Japan, 9,435 meters

The abyss of Aldrich, the islands Kermadek of 9427 meters

The Tonga Trench, in 9,184 meters

The gap Planet, in the Solomon Islands, in 9,148 meters

All of them are in the Pacific. In the North Atlantic is the Puerto Rico Trench, which reaches 8,821 meters. In the South Sandwich Islands, in southern waters, there is a mass of 8,091 meters. In these deep areas there is only the big funds clay, mineral and red, whose formation appears due to the decomposition of silicates eruptive origin.

Ocean trenches:

Are marine regions where greater depths are reached. Are closely related to the subduction zones of the plates and only appear on the active continental margins or Pacific-type. Mid-ocean ridges are undersea alignments deployed as a submerged mountain ranges of several thousand kilometers in length and with heights of 1500-2500 meters above the ocean abyssal plains.

The first dorsal was discovered and studied the mid-Atlantic ridge, which stretches from Iceland to the southern Atlantic Ocean, dividing it into two halves rather symmetric. This ridge is continued through southern Africa with the dorsal indica, which in turn is closely connected to the system of grabens (rifts Valleys) of East Africa. The ridge continues along the Indian Ocean south of Australia with the Pacific Ocean ridge. The ridges now known to have a length of 60,000 kilometers.

[...] There are also deep chasms in the Grand Canyon would be a simple gully. The pits, all located along the archipelago, have, together, an area of 1% of the ocean floor. This may not seem like much, but actually amounts to half the area of the United States, and the graves contain 15 times more water than all the rivers and lakes in the world. The deepest of them is located in the Pacific.

These graves were found along the islands of the Philippines, Marianas, Kuril and Aleutian Solomon. There are other great depths in the Atlantic near the West Indies and the South Sandwich Islands, and one in the Indian Ocean, next to the East Indies (Isaac Asimov)

Structure of mid-ocean ridges: The progressive knowledge is providing important data on the dynamics of Earth's crust. A cross section shows a typical spine is formed by two mountain alinenaciones several hundred miles wide, separated by a moat that occupies the axis of the ridge and has a width of 20-50 km.

Longitudinally, the ridges are formed by line segments displaced relative to each other and separated by faults, called transform faults, perpendicular to the direction of the ridge. The operation of such failures, causing the displacement of the sectors or groups that delineates the main cause of many earthquakes whose foci are located in the ridges.

Exploring the deep ocean:

The man began to probe the deep ocean when the century was well advanced. The ocean floor became a matter of commercial interest when it decided to lay a telegraph cable across the Atlantic. To that end, in 1850, Maury mapped the bottom of the Atlantic. After 15 years, marked by numerous interruptions and failures, before the Atlantic cable was laid, at last, thanks mainly to drive, incredibly persistent, the American financier Cyrus West Field, who lost a fortune on it.

The systematic exploration of the seabed began with the famous expedition around the world the British ship Challenger in 1870. To measure the depth of the oceans, the Challenger used the traditional method of lower 6 km of cable, with a weight at its end, to the background. In this way, there were more than 360 surveys.

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