Installation Checks and Testing of Volvo Generator Engine
Installation checks
Installation recommendations
regarding each subject are to be found in the previous chapter. Refer to the
relevant section to retrieve information so that the installation achieves a
satisfactory standard. While the preliminary cooling system design is based on
calculations, the suitability of any given system must be determined by actual
tests. The tests must correspond to the most difficult operational conditions
that may arise during use.
Optional equipment specified by
the original equipment manufacturer must be clearly defined and taken into
account during the tests. Moreover, the checks and tests must include, and be
adapted to, such equipment. For high altitude operations, there will be
additional costs for the original equipment manufacturer in regard to certain
applications. Experience has however shown that if customers are not able to
clearly define and check which areas the equipment will be used in, Volvo Penta
recommendations to adapt the installation to the most difficult conditions are
justified. International standardization is ever more common,especially within
industrial and construction machinery.
This opens up possibilities for
manufacturers to ship machinery between various parts of the world. Because of
this we strongly recommend that the cooling system be designed so that the
machinery may be used anywhere without the need to alter the cooling system.
Copies of all inspection documentation must be sent to Sales Engineering
Industrial, AB Volvo Penta so that information may be registered for future
reference and guidance for other departments within Volvo Penta. This request
applies whether or not the applications have been approved.
NOTICE! Information regarding
inspections and tests are also available at Volvo Penta Partner Network under
“Application Engineering Operating Procedures”
Global ambient temperatures
Set out below are maximum ambient
temperatures for Volvo Penta-driven applications around the entire world. The
world has been divided into the following temperature zones:
A Northern Europe: 35 °C (95 °F).
B Southern Europe: 40 °C (104
°F).
C Scandinavia and Great Britain:
30 °C (86 °F).
D North America, Canada, Central
and South America, parts of Asia: 40 °C (104 °F).
E Africa, Middle East, Far East,
Australia and South Pacific: 50 °C (122 °F).
The stated temperatures for the
various parts of the world are based on the average of the highest monthly
ambient temperatures in the shade registered over a number of years.
It is the original equipment
manufacturer's responsibility to ensure that the cooling system specification
is suitable for the area in which the application is to be used.
However, we must point out that
cooling tests carried out according to the different stated levels do not
guarantee against the occasional overheating of machinery in operational use.
This applies especially to days that are hotter than average conditions, and
when the application is used in direct sunlight and is exposed to heat radiation
from the ground etc. We therefore recommend that the cooling system be designed
with sufficient margin for these circumstances. Customers who export machinery
and/or manufacture in different parts of the world are strongly recommended to
implement a standardized cooling system that can be used throughout the world.
This facilitates both spare parts warehousing and service.
Installation
Testing
General
The test procedures described in
this section are intended to provide guidance when the various tests are
performed as part of installation checks. One of the main objectives is to try
to ensure that temperatures and other data are always registered at the same
point. Some manufacturers offer optional cooling systems. In such cases cooling
specifications must be clearly defined and separate tests carried out in order
to confirm each specification before any coolant tests are performed.
NOTICE! Every new or updated
installation must be inspected and approved by a Volvo Penta representative.
Volvo Penta Sweden uses advanced measuring and test equipment for this purpose,
at registration points described in the Measurement points page 136 section.
Air to Air Intercooled Engines
In engine installations where the
cooling system has not been supplied by Volvo Penta it is of the greatest
importance that the pressure drop and temperature drop across the charge air
cooler are within Volvo Penta specified values. Both the temperature and charge
pressure sensors must be installed in the ducting before and after the charge
air cooler. In many cases it is necessary to drill and tap holes in the
ducting. A combined union for
temperature and pressure is recommended in order to minimize the number of
holes.
NOTICE! Carefully remove all swarf
after drilling and tapping.
NOTICE! Calibrate the pressure
sensor accurately, as the pressure differential across the CAC must not exceed
10 kPa (1.45 PSI).
Measuring
Radiator Airflow
The most usual causes of low
cooling margins are insufficient airflow or hot air circulation. The best way
to check this is to use an airspeed measuring instrument.
First measure the radiator
surface and divide it into four equal squares of around 100 x 100 mm (3.94 x
3.94"). Mark the center of each square with paint on the radiator.
Use a high-quality airspeed
instrument to measure airspeed at each point marked on the radiator. Owing to
turbulent airflow it may be difficult to obtain a constant reading at each point.
Measure for 10 to 15 seconds and calculate the average airflow at the point.
Calculate the total average airflow for the radiator and multiply the result by
the radiator surface area. This gives airflow over the radiator. Airspeed will
vary significantly between the different measuring points during the test. The
illustration is an example. This is where the difficulty in designing a cooling
system lies. Fan type, fan diameter, fan speed, cowl, and fan location etc. all
influence the airspeed pattern, as shown in the chart.
Sequential tests after step by
step modifications to the cooling system will lead finally to the best airflow
and even air distribution over the radiator. The airspeed instrument may also
be used to detect hot air circulating back to the radiator because of e.g. poor
ducting.
Measurement
points
In order to maximize the gains
from an installation test so that a complete register of relevant data may be
compiled, we recommend that the following points are registered. Also refer to
the illustration on the following page:
1 Ambient temperature in the
shade; not in direct sunlight, not in a draught nor in the exhaust flow.
2 Temperature before the air
filter inlet.
3 Air temperature before the
turbocharger. The measuring point must be located as close to the turbocharger
as possible.
4 Charge air temperature is
measured in the inlet manifold. Take into consideration whether or not a charge
air cooler is fitted. Refer also to the section Air to Air Intercooled Engines
page 134.
5 Exhaust temperature, as close
to the turbocharger as possible (exhaust side) in the exhaust flange or the
first straight section of exhaust pipe.
6 Air temperature in front of the
radiator, right side.
7 Air temperature in front of the
radiator, left side.
8 Air temperature in back of the
radiator, left side.
9 Air temperature in back of the
radiator, right side. The temperatures 6, 7, 8 and 9 must be measured in line
with the fan center and around 100 mm (3.94") from the radiator.
10 Coolant outlet temperature,
i.e. coolant from the engine to the radiator. This must be measured in the
thermostat housing or as close to the thermostat housing as possible, e.g. in
the hose to the radiator if no threaded hole is available in the thermostat
housing.
11 Coolant inlet temperature,
i.e. coolant from the radiator outlet to the water pump inlet. The measuring
point must be located as close to the water pump inlet as possible.
12 Coolant inlet temperature to
the torque converter oil cooler must be measured between the radiator outlet
and the torque converter oil cooler inlet.
13 Lubricating oil temperature
must be measured with a thermocouple attached to the oil dipstick. Refer to the
section Oil Temperature and Oil Filter page 99 in the Lubrication system
chapter.
14 Fuel temperature; the
measuring point is the hollow screw in the cylinder head fuel inlet, or the
outlet from the fuel filter.
15 Air filter limit (pressure
drop); the pressure sensor must be installed in front of the turbocharger.
16 Coolant pressure must be
measured at the highest point in the radiator.
17 Charge pressure; in the inlet
manifold. Refer also to the section Air to Air Intercooled Engines page 134.
18 Exhaust back pressure; in the
first straight section of the exhaust pipe, close to the turbocharger.
19 Engine rpm is measured by
induction sensor on the vibration damper or read off the value from Vodia.
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